course
guide
introducing commonwealth
values
human rights: universal values
democratic values and structures
commonwealth
values and youth development
course
summary
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Course Guide
Introduction
About This Website
Technical Requirements
Acknowledgements
Course Overview
Course Goals
Course Learning Outcomes
Course Outline
Course Options
Assignments for Certificate Students
Mahara eJournal Guide
Learning Tips
How Long will it Take?
Activities
Icons
Readings and References
Introducing Commonwealth Values
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
A Commonwealth of Diversity
Our Values as Individuals
Our Values as Communities
Reflection
What Values Bring Us Together?
Reflection
The Commonwealth as an Association
The Focus of the Commonwealth
The Establishment of the Secretariat
The Commonwealth Values
Reflection
The Declaration of Commonwealth Principles (1971)
The Harare Commonwealth Declaration (1991)
Strengthening Commonwealth Principles at Harare
Commonwealth Values and Citizenship
Commonwealth Values Declared
Commonwealth Values in the World
Putting Commonwealth Values Into Practice
The Commonwealth and the World
The Commonwealth and Apartheid
The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group (CMAG)
The Commonwealth Youth Programme (CYP)
CYP's Mission
CYP Regions
Youth Participation in CYP
Reflection
Unit Summary
Reflection
Unit Quiz
References
Human Rights: Universal Values
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
What are Human Rights?
Natural Law Principles
Positive Law Principles
The United Nations (UN)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Human Rights and What They Mean to You
Reflection
Why do We Need to Set Down Human Rights?
How are Human Rights Protected?
Important Human Rights Conventions
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
Women as as agents for change
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Children's rights
Reflection
Protection at Regional Level
Universal Periodic Review
Can You Prioritise Human Rights?
The Universality of All Human Rights
Gender challenges
Do young people have special rights?
Judge human rights records with a critical eye
Where do Universal Rights Begin?
Reflection
Unit Summary
Unit Quiz
References
Democratic Values and Structures
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
What is Democracy?
Core Meaning of Democracy
A Definition of Democracy
What Are Democratic Values?
Reflection
Principles Underpinning Democracy
Pluralism and Diversity
Pluralism and democracy
Challenges to pluralism
Is pluralism attainable?
Citizenship
Conceptions of citizenship
Citizens' rights and responsibilities
Is pluralism attainable?
Respect for Human Rights
Freedom of expression
Should there be limitations?
What restrictions on rights are reasonable?
Reflection
Democratic Decision-Making
Majority Vote
Consensus
Proportional Outcomes
Reflection
The Commonwealth and Democracy
Unit Quiz
References
Commonwealth Values and Youth Development
Introduction
Learning Outcomes
Participation, Power and Empowerment
Participation
Participation and young people
Reflection
Power
Understanding power
Sources of power
Power within families
Empowerment
Empowering Young People
Empowering Women
Reflection
Consensus
What consensus is Not
How consensus decisions are made
Consensus in the Commonwealth
Principles of consensus
Best conditions for consensus
Reflection
Unit Summary
Unit Quiz
References
Course Summary
Course Summary
Course Learning Outcomes
Course Goals
Final Quiz
Further Reading