Module 1 — Effective
writing: Strategies
and principles
| Course Guide | Module 1 | Module 2a | Module 2b |
Using active rather than passive constructions
Long sentences and difficult-to-understand writing often contain many verbs written in the passive rather than the active form.
Identifying passive constructions
When you use an active construction, the subject of the sentence does the action to the receiver of the action.
The dog bit the man.
The dog |
bit |
the man |
(Subject and doer) |
|
(Receiver of the action) |
In the passive version of this sentence the subject of the sentence has the action performed on it.
The man was bitten by the dog.
The man |
was bitten |
by the dog |
(The receiver of the action) |
|
(The agent or doer of the action) |
These two sentences seem harmless enough, but let's consider some work-related ones.
| Passive |
It was decided by the supervisor that the interviews should be conducted. |
Active |
The supervisor decided to conduct the interviews. |
You can see that the passive version is longer (about 35%), weaker and less crisp.
Although in principle it is best to use the active, you should keep in mind that there are times when the passive voice is quite useful and appropriate. Examples are listed under each usage.
- When the receiver is the most important item and needs emphasis.
Example:Distribution practice will be changed considerably by this new legislation.
Optical fibres are being used increasingly in telecommunication networks.
- When naming the subject is awkward or unnecessary;
Example:Therese was re-elected president of the Staff Club.
- When it is desirable to conceal the doer of the action;
Example:The postman was bitten as he passed my postbox.